Several recent discussions on grower Champagnes and a seeming indifference among wine lovers to these small artisinal makers led me to this post. A grower Champagne can be distinguished by the fine print on the front label of a bottle of Champagne. You will have to look for the initials "RM". An explanation of them is at this link.
The large negociant corporations bottling Champagne (aided by many importers, distributors and retailers) go to great lengths to convince wine consumers of the virtues of the art of blending to produce a "superior" product which is consistent from year to year.
Here is what they don't want you to know about how they make their house styles:
Most of the grapes they use are purchased from small growers. You would be hard pressed to find any grower that actually sells their best grapes to the negociant firms.
When the grapes come in to the negociant, they are run through a centrifuge, chapitalized and rapidly pressed. Often the pressing is done with cultured yeasts (as opposed to natural yeast which quality winemakers praise), enzymes and nitrogen. The result of this manhandling of the wines is a product which has been stripped of its character. This is only the beginning though.
The next step is to age the grapes in stainless steel, fine, extensively filter and constantly rack the wine to prevent any H2S taint. They now have a bland or blank canvass to work with. This is where the "art of blending" comes in. The large houses use up to 70 different base wines in their blend. How can any distinct vineyard character survive that? The top houses use quality blending practices and may take pride in what they do. However, for every large house that truly blends with pride, there are probably 10 who simply take all the grapes they could buy and dump them into one large vat and call it a house style. There are still other negociants who simply buy bulk wine from a coop and put their label on the bottle. All completely proper for a negociant in Champagne.
At this stage of winemaking, any expert would be hard pressed to distinguish one house style from another. The truly unique flavor from any house style has more to do with the additives than the grapes used. During the first fermentation, each house adds a liqueur de tirage which contain unique additives to each house. It is really these additives which provide the house style. The exact nature of the additives is a closely guarded secret and varies from house to house.
The wines are then aged and riddled. Sediment is removed and a second sugar dosage is added to provide the desired sweetness level. It seems to me that the large negociants do everything in their power to remove any character in the wine only to add their chemically treated special recipe "house style" flavor back into the wine. Presto. A consistent style year after year.
With that my Festivus airing of grievances is over.
VM
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